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Denver, Colorado-based retailer Chuck Rozanski played a large role in the growth of the comics speculation market in when he acquired the high-value "Mile High Collection" — 16, comic books dating from to — and slowly began releasing select books into the marketplace. During the late s—early s major comic publishers like Marvel [5] and DC Comics started to recognize the new movements and started publishing material that was intended for sale in specialist shops only.

When Marvel tested the new comics specialty market with the title Dazzler in , the comic sold over , copies, a very respectable figure and one that astounded the company.

Hereafter, comics publishers started tailoring ever-increasing percentages of marketing and production solely for the sale in specialist stores. While the bulk of the revenues still came from sales through regular channels, the ability to focus more specifically on specific target groups as well as distributing comics not on a sale-or-return basis, but in limited runs according to sales predictions from the retailers themselves, over-printing and overhead costs could be drastically reduced.

From the s to the present day, comics publishers have been targeting more and more of their titles to collector audiences with features such as limited editions, the use of high quality paper, or the inclusion of novelty items. From roughly through , comic book speculation reached its highest peaks. Once aware of this niche market, the mainstream press focused on its potential for making money. During this time, mainstream comic book publishers began to pander specifically to the collectors' market.

Techniques used included variant covers , polybags , and gimmick covers. When a comic was polybagged, the collector had to choose between either reading the comic book or keeping it in pristine condition for potential financial gain, or buying two or more copies to do both. Gimmicks included glow-in-the-dark, hologram-enhanced, die-cut, embossing, foil stamped or foil-embossed covers. However, many speculators would buy multiple copies of these issues, anticipating that demand would allow them to sell them for a substantial profit in the future.

Low-budget independent publishers also proliferated during this period. The low price of producing comics, and the ease and efficiency of the direct market enabled fly-by-night publishers to flood the market with product, much of it of low quality.

This period also saw a corresponding expansion in price guide publications, most notably Wizard Magazine , which helped fuel the speculator boom with monthly columns such as the "Wizard Top 10" highlighting the "hottest" back-issues of the month , "Market Watch" which not only reported back-issue market trends, but also predicted future price trends , and "Comic Watch" highlighting key "undervalued" back-issues.

The speculators who made a profit or at least broke even on their comic book "investments" did so only by selling to other speculators. Veteran comic book fans pointed out an important fact about the collectors market that was largely overlooked by speculators: popular Golden Age comic books were valuable because they were genuinely rare.

Since comic books were originally marketed to children and not viewed as collectable until much later, most Golden Age comics didn't survive to the present era. And before the s, comic books were typically printed on cheap paper stock that aged very poorly.

As a result, popular comic books published from the s through the s are extremely difficult to find and thus highly prized by collectors. By contrast, the speculator boom of the s saw large print runs of comics on high-grade paper that were carefully stored by multitudes of collectors, creating a glut of product in the collectors market.

The comic book speculator market reached a saturation point in the early s, and finally collapsed between through Two-thirds of all comic book specialty stores closed in this period, [6] and numerous publishers were driven out of business.

Even industry giant Marvel Comics was forced to declare bankruptcy in , although they were able to continue publishing. It is surmised that one of the main factors in Marvel's downfall was the decision to switch to self-distribution via their purchase of Heroes World Distribution.

Until then, many publishers went through secondary distributors such as the current and only mass distributor, Diamond Comic Distributors , and Marvel felt it could preserve some of its cash flow if it made the move to becoming one of the few publishers to also distribute directly to the comic market.

This backfired terribly when the bottom fell out of the market, as they were stocked with multiple printings of variant and "collectible" issues that were no longer in high demand, and they could not cover the costs of their distribution service.

The bust can also be linked back to some of the series that caused the boom a few years earlier. DC's decision to publish two blockbuster stories depicting the loss of their two major superheroes " Knightfall " — the breaking of the Batman — and " The Death of Superman " , and their subsequent flooding of the press as to their supposed finality, is considered by some collectors to have started a slow decay within the non-regular buyer comic community which then led to drops in sales.

Many comic retailers believe that numerous comic speculators took the death and crippling of two major characters to signify the end of the Batman and Superman series. As many comic readers and retailers knew full well, very little in comics actually changes with any finality. Many aspects of the status quo returned after the story arcs were over Superman died, but was resurrected, and Batman was crippled, but eventually recovered.

Many comic speculators who were only in the market to see important comics mature, then sell them for a profit, did not quite understand how quick the turnaround would be on the story recant, and many rushed out to scoop up as many copies of whatever issues were to be deemed significant.

Comic shops received not only staggering sales during the week that Superman died, [6] but also had to try to meet the demand. This led to the saturation of the market and the devaluing of what was thought to be the end of an American icon. Some comic book retailers and theorists deem DC's practices in the press forum, and their relationship with the non-specialized consumer, to be grossly negligent of the status of the market, and that their marketing campaign, most likely not malicious in intent, spelled doom for the speculator market and comic sales in general.

Others place the blame for the comic market crash on Marvel whose product line had bloated to hundreds of separate titles by late , including the poorly received " Marvel UK " and " " lines , or creator-owned upstart Image Comics , who fed the speculator feeding frenzy more than any other comics publisher. Other publishing houses had different problems. Their primary motivation was to make the properties more suitable for use in video game development.

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The Anime rooms move back to the Convention Center for ! Entertainment Weekly. Comic-Con was the first year that they implemented the Intellitix scanner and RFID system on the million-plus sq. July 20, Anime moves out of the Convention Center and gains an additional room! Archived from the original on July 7, The Independent. One copy was stolen from American actor Nicolas Cage , an avid comic book collector, in Cage had previously received an insurance payment for the item.

A CGC 9. The seller Darren Adams, a comic book store owner in Federal Way, Washington , had purchased the issue from the estate of a man who had originally bought the issue from a newsstand on its release in The original buyer lived in high altitudes in West Virginia and stored the comic in a stack with others, which provided the optimal "cool, dry and dark" conditions that lent well to a comic's age, according to Adams.

The record for the highest amount paid for a copy was narrowly broken again on April 6, , when ComicConnect. The first reprint of Action Comics 1 was published in as part of the "Famous First Editions" series. These reprints were oversized, roughly double the size of the original editions, and had a cardboard-like cover. The interior, however, was an exact reprint of the original comic, right down to the ads. As a result, the Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide has, since the s, published a warning advising that attempts have been made to pass off the reprint, stripped of its Famous First Edition cardboard cover, as an actual 1.

However, the Guide does not cite any actual instances of this. DC reprinted Action Comics 1 in as part of the 50th anniversary celebration of Superman that year. The complete issue was reprinted in with an additional half-cover featuring the Superman stamp from the U. It was sold by the U. The complete issue, save for the inside front, inside back, and outside back cover, was reprinted in as part of DC Comics' Millennium Edition series of reprints of famous DC comics.

The , and reprints were published to the page-size standard of the — period, and not the larger page size utilized by Action Comics in In September , DC Comics canceled all of its monthly books, and relaunched 52 new ongoing titles, with a completely new fictional continuity , an initiative branded The New The first issue of Action Comics volume 2, with a cover date of November , went on sale September 7, The New 52 version of Action Comics 1 went through five printings.

The fifth printing, which went on sale March 28, , is cover-dated May in both the UPC box on the cover and the indicia , with no mention of its original November cover date.

As a result, Action Comics vol. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Comic book. The correct title of this article is Action Comics 1. The substitution of the is due to technical restrictions. Action adventure fantasy superhero Western. See Catalog of Copyright Entries. United States Library of Congress. Retrieved August 26, A "pristine" copy of Action Comics No. The Encyclopedia of Superheroes on Film and Television.

ISBN The part work was published in a multi-volume hardback form, in association with the BBC and Hachette. As is common with part-works, the volumes were not being released in chronological order by broadcast date, but in an order chosen "to reflect the variety and breadth of the series.

Panini has been collecting the comic sections of the magazines into a number of Collected Editions trade paperbacks since , beginning with the Fourth Doctor title The Iron Legion. Panini have published two or three of these Collected Editions each year from to , except and when the Collected Editions were put on hold for reasons unknown. As of December there have been 29 volumes released, the most recent being Ground Zero , which features strips from the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Seventh Doctors.

As Panini have now collected all the main strips up to the end of the Twelfth Doctor continuity, they began focusing upon the 'past Doctors' period of the magazine —, between the end of the Seventh Doctor continuity and beginning of the Eighth Doctor continuity and other strips from across its publications throughout the years while they built up enough Thirteenth Doctor strips for a Collected Edition. The first Thirteenth Doctor Collected Edition volume 30 is due in The list of volumes below is placed in the original order of their publication in Doctor Who Magazine , which parallels the continuity of the television series, except for the 'past Doctors' period — when the publication began seeding one-off stories from all the past Doctors from the period prior to and including the Seventh.

The Collected Editions with these stories are thus placed between the Seventh and Eighth Doctor continuities, except for irregularities, the most substantial being volume 28 The Clockwise War , which leads with the final strip of the Twelfth Doctor period, but also includes past Doctor stories from the Doctor Who Yearbooks published between and Many of the Collected Edition also feature bonus material, such as specially commissioned commentaries by the authors and artists, and sometimes short stories the latter taken from Doctor Who Magazine — these are signalled in the 'Notes' of the below table.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. British magazine. Unlike the main strip, however, it did not begin by reprinting the secondary strip from the first issue of Doctor Who Weekly.

Rather, K-9's Finest Hour came from issue 12 2 January These publications thus skipped the third story of the run, "Timeslip" issues 17—18; 6—13 February Perhaps this was because while it was a Fourth Doctor strip, it also featured the First, Second, and Third Doctors, and was felt not to be an appropriate way to launch the new publication.

These three strips were, however, reprinted later in the run, although not in the original order. In effect, from this point on Doctor Who Marvel USA freely selects from the remaining DWM secondary strips abandoning tracking of original order of publication entirely.

Regular original DWM secondary strips finished as of issue 64, and became less frequent over the last few of these issues. This is due to the high percentage of the page count given over to comic strips. In addition, the 10th Special issue which comes out in addition to the two seasonal Specials in reprints these same two strips again now colourised — see note below without the articles, and there is no way that cannot be considered a Graphic Novel.

However, date is confirmed on the cover alongside the Special designation. They were first collected and reprinted in the first edition of the Specials: Doctor Who Magazine Summer Special []. Soon after they were then colourised by Andy Yanchus for Marvel Premiere : Doctor Who , the Marvel USA try-out publication, used to determine if a character or concept could attract enough readers to justify launching their own series. Accordingly, the reprints here in the ' Summer Special Classic' are collected reprints of colourised reprints of an original black and white strip that had also been collected in its original black and white in an earlier edition of the same run of Specials!

Things will only get more convoluted here on in However, this is the situation. However, Special designation date is confirmed on the cover. The second of these attributes appears on the cover and above the editorial, the second is assumed in the first. A Doctor Who Magazine Summer Special', thus seemingly indicating it is a summer Seasonal Special, although one of these had already been released this year hence the use of the indefinite article 'A' rather than the definite article 'The'.

However, some titles were given in the preceding issue's "coming next time" closing caption. After doing research and interviewing those involved in the original strips, John Ainsworth proposed the sequence titles, which were later used by Doctor Who Magazine.

This run eventually went to colour, but never completed. It began again in DWM in colour with the first episode of The Dalek Chronicles in issue 27 November but only ran for a few episodes before transferring to Doctor Who Classic Comics — in its first issue to completion. This is a repeat of the mistake from the Doctor Who Classic Comics — reprints. It is worth noting that in a response to a letter to Doctor Who Classic Comics issue 4 in , the designation is a 'one-off', as is the title Doctor Who Collected Comics GN, directly above.

However, this is the situation, and Doctor Who: Voyager does not appear in the Specials list. Neither is DWM mentioned on the credits page, however, the back cover blurb does indeed cite the source material. Note TVC21 originally ran these as a part one pager comic epic, which was only later renamed 'The Dalek Chronicles' with formalised sequence titles by Doctor Who Magazine.

While some titles were given in the preceding issue's "coming next time" closing caption, after doing research and interviewing those involved in the original strips, John Ainsworth proposed the sequence titles.

It began again in DWM in colour with the first episode of The Dalek Chronicles in issue 27 November but only ran for a few episodes before transferring to Doctor Who Classic Comics — in this first issue. Doctor Who Classic Comics thus reprinted the first two originally coloured episodes in issue 3; then printed the remaining episodes in issue 4, now freshly colourised.

Who and the Daleks" was the first American produced comic strip, and this one-off adaptation of Dr. Comic historian Paul Scoones goes with "Doctor Who meets the Frog People" writing this title appeared as the 'synopsis' submitted to the BBC for sign-off prior to publication, but mentions that the 'Comics Checklist', first printed 'in Doctor Who Monthly 62' , calls the story "Shark Bait".

The inference being here that DWM made the title up seeing as not all the early strips were given names on the page , and that DWCC went with this name too. This was the first two pages of issue In the list of Marvel era 'Graphic Novels' see 'Doctor Who Magazine Graphic Novels — ' sub-section above, where it appears as eighth in a list of ten it is the first to present mostly original material rather than reprints, with only the final 'Graphic Novel' of this era, Age of Chaos , presenting wholly original material.

DWM editor, at the time of original production, John Freemen comments 'for a combination of reasons, too lengthy to go in to'. The radical change appeared in issue 15 with the introduction of the Telesnap Archive of lost TV episodes. Comic historian Paul Scoones goes with "Home to Hamelin" writing this title appeared on the original scripts, but mentions that the 'Comics Checklist', first printed 'in Doctor Who Monthly 62' , calls the story "Challenge of the Piper".

Comic historian Paul Scoones goes with "In Reverse" writing this title appeared on the original scripts, but mentions that the 'Comics Checklist', first printed 'in Doctor Who Monthly 62' , calls the story "Time in Reverse". The inference being here that DWM augmented the title seeing as not all the early strips were given names on the page , and that DWCC went with this name too.

These articles do not list or explore the tertiary strips of reprints from other Marvel publications included in the publication over pretty much the same period.

This was a reprint of a secondary strip from DWMM issue 58, as there were problems delivering part 2 of "The Moderator". The story has not yet been reprinted in a Collected Edition.

There were 10 stories over 12 issues. The second two part story "Hunger from the Ends of Time! The first story "Abslom Daak The follow-up stories "Star Tigers" [I] and [II] were also secondary strips and appeared later that year. This caused problems with filling the main strip in the following months. Accordingly, issues and December and January featured reprints: a Doctorless secondary strip "The Fires Down Below" ; originally 64 ; and a Fourth Doctor strip "Spider-God ; originally However, it was held up by customs, and so the magazine was forced to reprint another old strip.

Running from issue May to issue September , it ended when the magazine began its Eighth Doctor strip in the wake of the Doctor Who TV movie. This story is included in this collection as 'the story tied-in to the Seventh Doctor comic story Emperor of the Daleks! It was set between the first and fourth parts of "Emperor of the Daleks!

The Land of the Blind Edited Collection also refers to this as part of the multi-Doctor comic strips. These are listed between the Seventh and Eight Doctor Collected Editions here as they only contain 'past Doctors' comic strips; the Multi-Doctor comic strips Volume 2 is included in the Twelfth Doctor section below as it leads with the final Twelfth Doctor comic strip from May—November In addition, it doesn't contain any strips from the main strip of Doctor Who Magazine , rather publishing strips from the Doctor Who Yearbook — Thus, it is best thought of as a part of the Eighth Doctor narrative, rather than a one-off Doctor-less adventure.

Crucially, it re-introduced the character of Kroton , who had debuted in one of the early s DWM backup comic stories. Kroton would play a vital role in the series of strips that culminated in "The Glorious Dead". The previous stories featuring Kroton both secondary strips are included at the end of this Collected Edition: "Throwback: The Soul of a Cyberman" issues 5—7 and "Ship of Fools" issues 23— It 'celebrated the tenth anniversary of the Virgin New Adventures.

Consequently, it featured the Seventh Doctor, Benny and an older Ace'. It is included in this Collected Edition out of main run order at the end of the publication. The first episode of the rebooted comic strip appeared in issue April Davies ; Commentary on all featured stories by writers and artists involved, plus early designs and drawings for each, and initial plans, with commentary, for the Majenta Pryce story arc.

This came between the end of the Eleventh Doctor continuity and before the Twelfth Doctor run in Doctor Who Magazine , and appears out of order in the Collected Editions. These are listed between the Seventh and Eight Doctor Collected Editions above as they only contain 'past Doctors' comic strips; while this publication — the Multi-Doctor comic strips Volume 2 — leads with the final Twelfth Doctor comic strip from May—November Volume 1 and 3 of the Multi-Doctor comic strips publishes strips from the main run of Doctor Who Magazine , while this volume rather publishes strips from the Doctor Who Yearbook — Audit Bureau of Circulations.

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Marvel USA 3 : December Marvel USA 13 : 3. June Marvel Premiere USA February April Marvel USA 1. Marvel USA 2. November Marvel USA 3. Marvel USA 4. January Marvel USA 5. Marvel USA 6. March Marvel USA 7. Marvel USA 8. May Marvel USA 9. Marvel USA August September Marvel USA 23 : 2. Don't Forget the Specials! Doctor Who Magazine [Special 01].

Doctor Who Magazine [Special 02]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 03]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 04]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 05]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 06]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 07]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 08]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 09]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 10].

Doctor Who Magazine [Special 11]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 12]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 13]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 14]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 15].

Doctor Who Magazine [Special 16]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 17]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 18]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 19].

Doctor Who Magazine [Special 20]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 21]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 22]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 23]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 24]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 25]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 26]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 27]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 28]. Doctor Who Magazine [Special 29].

Doctor Who Magazine [Special 30].